BILJANA VUKOTIĆ
Muzej primenjene umetnosti, Beograd
biljana.vukotic@mpu.rs

RAZVOJ INDUSTRIJSKOG OBLIKOVANJA U FNR JUGOSLAVIJI NA PRIMERU IZLOŽBE UMETNOST U INDUSTRIJI, ODRŽANE U MUZEJU PRIMENJENE UMETNOSTI 1961. GODINE
DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGN IN THE FPR YUGOSLAVIA ON THE EXAMPLE OF EXHIBITION ART IN INDUSTRY HELD IN MUSEUM OF APPLIED ART IN 1961

Zbornik 10/2014 (Muzej primenjene umetnosti), strana 58-68

UDK:
745/749:069.9(497.1)"1961"
745/749(497.1)"1945/1963"

Apstrakt:
Evidentne promene i novi tokovi u razvoju industrijske produkcije u cilju približavanja novim savremenim kreativnim praksama u našoj sredini zapažaju se posle Drugog svetskog rata. U novim uslovima ubrzanog razvoja i ekonomskog prosperiteta čitave zemlje javljaju se u početku brojni pojedinci, a zatim i proizvodna preduzeća koja postižu prve rezultate u oblasti industrijskog oblikovanja proizvoda. U početku su to bile usamljene i izolovane akcije, da bi one sredinom pedesetih godina XX veka prerasle u organizovane proizvodne celine. Za ovaj period karakterističan je spor i težak prodor industrijskog oblikovanja u industrijske pogone. U svesti neposrednih proizvođača postojao je jak otpor uvođenju industrijskih umetnika u proces proizvodnje, a o strukturalnim promenama i formiranju posebnih službi za dizajn gotovo da nije moglo da se govori.

Ključne reči:
industrijsko oblikovanje, dizajn, industrijski umetnik, primenjena umetnost, didaktičke izložbe umetničkog oblikovanja, izložba Umetnost u industriji

Summary:
After the Second World War there appeared evident changes and new trends in the development of industrial production that aimed at bringing it closer to the contemporary creative practices in our country. Slow and hard introduction of industrial design into industrial facilities was characteristic of this period. Among the workers engaged in the factory production, there was a strong feeling of resistance to introduction of industrial artists in the very process of making of objects, and one almost could not talk about structural changes and establishing of special departments for design. Industrial design, as notion and practice in the newly established socialist Yugoslavia, was introduced immediately after the Second World War, although all the way to the middle of the 1960's there were misunderstandings and ignorance concerning the real function and importance of the concept of design and designers – industrial artists. During this period, industrial production of the, then, Socialist People's Republic of Yugoslavia was oriented more towards participation in industrial fairs and festivals that contributed in a specific way, after the Second World War, apart from their commercial character, to articulation of the propagandistic proclamation, by the State, of the social role of urbanism, architecture and design. This was all about ideological concept, rooted in discourses on the culture of living, art, architecture and industrial design. The primary problem of the Yugoslav to-date industrialization, modernization and, especially, urbanism was the problem of habitation, but also of the contemporary furnishings of interiors. This problem was tackled by the above-mentioned paradigmatic didactic exhibitions organized during the second half of the 1950's in Belgrade, Zagreb, Ljubljana and Zrenjanin. According to museological typology, the exhibition Art in Industry, held in Museum of Applied Art in Belgrade in 1961, was the first exhibition of contemporary industrial design in Yugoslavia of that age. The guiding concept, which unfortunately was not realized in the whole, featured only those successfully designed serial products that were realized in the process of production. The Museum took the task of organization of the exhibition, taking into account the achievements of the contemporary industrial production, selecting the products that could withstand even more strict professional and museological criteria, in order to appear as exhibits at this exhibition.

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