BILJANA VUKOTIĆ
Muzej primenjene umetnosti, Beograd
biljana.vukotic@mpu.rs
RAZVOJ INDUSTRIJSKOG OBLIKOVANJA U FNR JUGOSLAVIJI
NA PRIMERU IZLOŽBE UMETNOST U INDUSTRIJI, ODRŽANE
U MUZEJU PRIMENJENE UMETNOSTI 1961. GODINE
DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGN IN THE FPR YUGOSLAVIA
ON THE EXAMPLE OF EXHIBITION ART IN INDUSTRY HELD
IN MUSEUM OF APPLIED ART IN 1961
Zbornik 10/2014 (Muzej primenjene umetnosti), strana 58-68
UDK:
745/749:069.9(497.1)"1961"
745/749(497.1)"1945/1963"
Apstrakt:
Evidentne promene i novi tokovi u razvoju industrijske produkcije u cilju približavanja novim savremenim kreativnim praksama u našoj sredini zapažaju se posle Drugog svetskog rata. U novim uslovima ubrzanog razvoja i ekonomskog prosperiteta čitave zemlje javljaju se u početku brojni pojedinci, a zatim i proizvodna preduzeća koja postižu prve rezultate u oblasti industrijskog oblikovanja proizvoda. U početku su to bile usamljene i izolovane akcije, da bi one sredinom pedesetih godina XX veka prerasle u organizovane proizvodne celine. Za ovaj period karakterističan je spor i težak prodor industrijskog oblikovanja u industrijske pogone. U svesti neposrednih proizvođača postojao je jak otpor uvođenju industrijskih umetnika u proces proizvodnje, a o strukturalnim promenama i formiranju posebnih službi za dizajn gotovo da nije moglo da se govori.
Ključne reči:
industrijsko oblikovanje, dizajn, industrijski umetnik, primenjena umetnost, didaktičke izložbe umetničkog oblikovanja, izložba Umetnost u industriji
Summary:
After the Second World War there appeared evident changes
and new trends in the development of industrial production
that aimed at bringing it closer to the contemporary creative
practices in our country. Slow and hard introduction of
industrial design into industrial facilities was characteristic of
this period. Among the workers engaged in the factory
production, there was a strong feeling of resistance to
introduction of industrial artists in the very process of making
of objects, and one almost could not talk about structural
changes and establishing of special departments for design.
Industrial design, as notion and practice in the newly
established socialist Yugoslavia, was introduced immediately
after the Second World War, although all the way to the
middle of the 1960's there were misunderstandings and
ignorance concerning the real function and importance of the
concept of design and designers – industrial artists. During this
period, industrial production of the, then, Socialist People's
Republic of Yugoslavia was oriented more towards
participation in industrial fairs and festivals that contributed
in a specific way, after the Second World War, apart from their
commercial character, to articulation of the propagandistic
proclamation, by the State, of the social role of urbanism,
architecture and design. This was all about ideological
concept, rooted in discourses on the culture of living, art,
architecture and industrial design. The primary problem of
the Yugoslav to-date industrialization, modernization and,
especially, urbanism was the problem of habitation, but also of
the contemporary furnishings of interiors. This problem was
tackled by the above-mentioned paradigmatic didactic
exhibitions organized during the second half of the 1950's in
Belgrade, Zagreb, Ljubljana and Zrenjanin. According to
museological typology, the exhibition Art in Industry, held in
Museum of Applied Art in Belgrade in 1961, was the first
exhibition of contemporary industrial design in Yugoslavia of
that age. The guiding concept, which unfortunately was not
realized in the whole, featured only those successfully
designed serial products that were realized in the process of
production. The Museum took the task of organization of the
exhibition, taking into account the achievements of the
contemporary industrial production, selecting the products
that could withstand even more strict professional and
museological criteria, in order to appear as exhibits at this
exhibition.
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